Determining thresholds for spatial urban design and transport features that support walking to create healthy and sustainable cities: findings from the IPEN Adult study
Prof Ester Cerin, Prof James F Sallis, Deborah Salvo, Prof Erica Hinckson, Terry L Conway, Prof Neville Owen, Prof Delfien van Dyck, Melanie Lowe, Carl Higgs, Prof Anne Vernez Moudon, Marc A Adams, Kelli L Cain, Lars Breum Christiansen, Prof Rachel Davey Jan Dygrýn, Prof Lawrence D Frank, Prof Rodrigo Reis, Prof Olga L Sarmiento, Deepti Adlakha, Geoff Boeing, Shiqin Liu, Prof Billie Giles-Corti
Determining the minimum thresholds for walkable cities
This study estimated the associations of urban design and transport features with two walking outcomes:
1. At least 80% probability of engaging in any walking for transport
2. Meeting WHO physical activity guidelines (≥150min/week physical activity) via walking
By gathering this information, the paper identifies the minimum thresholds for population density, street intersections, and public transport stops for walkable cities.
Image 1: Visual representations of the study’s findings.